See also Sweden-Nordic Countries presented by J in J&P, all part of .
www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scandinavia.html Sep
2004
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is
the region of the Scandinavian
Peninsula (below).
The usage and meaning of the term Scandinavia is somewhat ambiguous:
History
The modern use of the term Scandinavia rises
from the Scandinavist political movement, which was active in the middle of the
19th century ,
chiefly between the First war of Schleswig (1848 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1848.html> -1850 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1850.html> ),
in which Sweden-Norway contributed with considerable military force, and the
Second war of Schleswig (1864 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1864.html> )
when Sweden's parliament denounced the King's promises of military support.
The movement proposed the unification of Denmark <http://www.fact-index.com/d/de/denmark.html> ,
Norway <http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/norway.html> and
Sweden <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sw/sweden.html> into
a single united kingdom. The background for this was the tumultous events during
the Napoleonic wars <http://www.fact-index.com/n/na/napoleonic_wars.html> in
the beginning of the century leading to the partition of Sweden (the eastern
part becoming the Russian <http://www.fact-index.com/r/ru/russian.html> Grand
Duchy <http://www.fact-index.com/g/gr/grand_duchy.html> of
Finland <http://www.fact-index.com/f/fi/finland_1.html> in
1809 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1809.html> )
and Denmark (whereby Norway <http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/norway.html> , de
jure in union with Denmark since 1387 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/13/1387.html> ,
although de facto merely a province <http://www.fact-index.com/p/pr/province.html> ,
became independent in 1814 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1814.html> and
thereafter was swiftly forced to accept a personal union with Sweden).
Finland <http://www.fact-index.com/f/fi/finland_1.html> being
a part of the Russian Empire <http://www.fact-index.com/i/im/imperial_russia.html> meant
that it would have to be left out of any equation for a political union between
the Nordic countries. A new term also had to be invented that excluded Finland
from any such inspirations, and that term was Scandinavia. The geographical
Scandinavia included Norway and Sweden, but the political Scandinavia was also
to include Denmark. Politically Sweden and Norway were united in a personal
union under one monarch <http://www.fact-index.com/m/mo/monarch.html> .
Denmark also included the dependent territories of Iceland <http://www.fact-index.com/i/ic/iceland_1.html> ,
the Faroe Islands <http://www.fact-index.com/f/fa/faroe_islands.html> and
Greenland <http://www.fact-index.com/g/gr/greenland.html> in
the Atlantic ocean <http://www.fact-index.com/a/at/atlantic_ocean.html> (which
however historically had belonged to Norway, but unintentionally remained by
Denmark according to the Treaty of Kiel).
The end of the Scandinavian political movement came when Denmark was denied
military support from Sweden-Norway to annex the (Danish) Duchy <http://www.fact-index.com/d/du/duchy.html> of
Schleswig <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/schleswig.html> ,
which together with the (German) Duchy of Holstein <http://www.fact-index.com/h/ho/holstein.html> had
been in personal union with Denmark. It followed a brief but disastrous war
between Denmark and Prussia <http://www.fact-index.com/p/pr/prussia.html> (supported
by Austria <http://www.fact-index.com/a/au/austria.html> ,
the Second war of Schleswig in 1864 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1864.html> ),
Schleswig-Holstein <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/schleswig_holstein.html> was
conquered by Prussia, and after Prussia's success in the Franco-Prussian War <http://www.fact-index.com/f/fr/franco_prussian_war.html> a
Prussia-led German Empire <http://www.fact-index.com/g/ge/german_empire.html> ("2nd
Reich") was created, and a new power-balance <http://www.fact-index.com/p/po/power__international_.html> of
the Baltic sea countries <http://www.fact-index.com/b/ba/baltic_sea_countries.html> was
established.
Even if a Scandinavian political union never came about there was a Scandinavian
Monetary Union <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scandinavian_monetary_union.html> established
in 1873 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/18/1873.html> ,
with the Krona <http://www.fact-index.com/k/kr/krona.html> /Krone <http://www.fact-index.com/k/kr/krone.html> as
the common currency, and which lasted until World War I <http://www.fact-index.com/w/wo/world_war_i.html> .
The modern Scandinavian cooperation after World War I <http://www.fact-index.com/w/wo/world_war_i.html> also
came to include the independent Finland and Scandinavian as a political term
came to be replaced by the term Nordic countries <http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/nordic_countries.html> ,
and eventually by the Nordic council <http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/nordic_council.html> institution,
in 1952 <http://www.fact-index.com/1/19/1952.html> .
Etymology
The name Scandinavia is most
probably derived from the Germanic <http://www.fact-index.com/g/ge/germanic_languages.html> *Skathin- meaning "danger" (cf.
English scathing and unscathed) and *awjo meaning "island".
It may have referred to the dangeous banks around Skanör-Falsterbo in
Scania <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scania.html> in
southern-most Scandinavia. Scandinavia <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scandinavia.html> appears
in Roman texts, and in Jordanes <http://www.fact-index.com/j/jo/jordanes.html> history
of the Goths <http://www.fact-index.com/g/go/goths.html> as Scandza.
The name of the Scandinavian mountain range <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scandinavian_mountains.html> , Skanderna in
Swedish <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sw/swedish_language.html> ,
is in turn derived from Skandinavien in the 19th century <http://www.fact-index.com/1/19/19th_century.html> ,
analogous with Alperna for the Alps <http://www.fact-index.com/a/al/alps.html> .
The commonly used names are Kölen "the Keel" or fjällen "the
fells, the mountains".
See also: Scandinavian languages <http://www.fact-index.com/n/no/north_germanic_language.html>
###
Scandinavian Peninsula
The Scandinavian Peninsula is a peninsula located at the northwest corner of Europe and encloses the Baltic Sea. It extends from Russia and Finland in the north and almost reaches Denmark in the south. It contains the countries Norway on the west and Sweden on the east. The Scandinavian mountain range separates the two countries.
From fact-index.com on Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavia <http://www.fact-index.com/s/sc/scandinavia.html> and
the Baltic region <http://www.fact-index.com/b/ba/baltic_region.html>
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